First, the evolutionary history from 1G to 5G
The first generation network (1G) introduced analog mobile voice services, by granting spectrum (installing base stations, providing mobile network access to users through dedicated radio spectrum) and frequency reuse(real-time connection of multiple base stations allows users to make voice calls without interference while they are on the move) then a seamless wireless connection is established.ccie lab dumps.Despite the revolutionary 1G, the capacity of analog transmissions is limited in terms of spectral efficiency, and the scalability of using analog devices (large, expensive, low performance) is limited.ccie lab dumps
The first generation of networks 2G, the GSM standard (2G), evolved from analog transmission to digital transmission, and implemented more capacity using the TDMA method, as well as supporting roaming between different networks.GSM provides a web platform that supports new mobile services (SMS, MMS, photo messaging) and improves voice quality and clarity through digital encoding.The scalability of digital devices has improved because they are cheaper and lighter than analog devices (digital signals consume less battery power).ccie lab dumps.GPRS (2.5G) was later introduced to support packet switching technology, which ultimately provides data communication services such as WAP, email and World Wide Web access at data rates of 56 kbit / s to 144 kbit / s.
The third generation (3G) network (implementing UMTS) has created a new era of high-speed Internet access with a transmission speed of 2 Mbit/s, with users having higher capacity and enhanced mobile broadband experience.
The fourth-generation (4G) network was launched in 2010. Its advantage is only to increase the bandwidth and services provided by 3G, while improving efficiency by reducing the cost per bit on the network.The advantage of 4G is that it implements OFDMA technology, supports wide channels and uses signal coding and multiplexing modes to provide users with higher data rates (up to 100 Mb / s).ccie lab dumps.Voice services and data are transmitted over a packet switched network (voice calls are replaced by IP phones, ie VoLTE).
5G technical requirements
2019 - We will begin to see the global promotion of 5G in 2020, and 5G will play a key role in promoting new and innovative industry services and applications.The “Golden Triangle” required by 5G technology compared to previous generations: low latency, connection density and throughput.ccie lab dumps
1,Low latency
To achieve a latency level below 10 milliseconds, the physical laws and network topology will be challenged. For business use cases that require immediate and ultra-reliable communication, such as telesurgery and autonomous driving, low latency is a basic requirement.
2. High connection density
Compared to 4G, 5G networks can provide up to one million connections per square kilometer (supporting a large number of concurrent connections to the network), while typical connection densities for 4G networks are 2000 connections per square kilometer.ccie lab dumps.With the popularity of IoT applications (ie smart wearable technology, smart home technology, smart city, smart grid), high connection density is an important capability for mass machine type communication (M-MTC).ccie lab dumps
3. High throughput
The goal of 5G is to provide 10 Gbps of throughput, enabling enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB) use cases and providing an infrastructure platform for new services such as VR, AR and UHD.ccie lab dumps.
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