Three major defects of 5G millimeter wave(ccie lab dumps)

Three major defects of 5G millimeter wave

           According to the 3GPP 38.101 agreement, 5G NR mainly uses two frequency segments: FR1 band and FR2 band.The frequency range of the FR1 band is 450MHz - 6GHz, also known as the sub 6GHz band; the frequency range of the FR2 band is 24.25GHz - 52.6GHz, which is usually called millimeter wave (mmWave).

           With regard to millimeter waves, people have been arguing over the natural shortcomings of millimeter waves: large signal attenuation, easy blocking, and short coverage. So what is the matter?

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•  Signal attenuation is large:

        When wireless signals travel through the atmosphere, signal attenuation occurs due to the absorption and scattering of wireless signals. ccie lab dumps.We use dB/km to define the attenuation of the signal. It is generally believed that the higher the frequency of the wireless signal, the greater the propagation loss and the closer the coverage distance. However, there are some exceptions here in millimeter waves. Millimeter waves are mainly affected by oxygen, humidity, fog and rain during atmospheric transmission.


        1, oxygen

           The effect of oxygen is not general either. Different millimeter-wave bands are affected by oxygen differently.For example, 60 GHz must withstand an oxygen absorption loss of about 20 dB/km, while 28 GHz, 38 GHz and 73 GHz are much better, which is why some operators have set 28 GHz as the main test object. Atmospheric absorption in the millimeter wave frequency range (in dB/km).



        2. Humidity:

           high temperature and high humidity environments, the signal can be attenuated by half (3dB/km) within 1 km. In the same way as humidity, millimeter waves also attenuated when passing through fog and clouds.

         3. Rain:

            Rain is the biggest enemy of millimeter waves. In some extreme cases, for example, under heavy rain (rain intensity of 50 mm / h), the millimeter wave propagation loss can reach 18.4 dB / km. ccie lab dumps.The biggest problem that millimeter waves really face is the weather.Although heavy rain can cause a large attenuation of the millimeter wave signal, as long as sufficient link budget is made, it will not cause the millimeter wave data link to be interrupted. When planning the network, we can estimate the millimeter wave wireless link loss according to the historical maximum rainfall of different regions, and determine the maximum transmission distance of the millimeter wave.

•  Easy to block:

           We can overcome the impact of bad weather on the millimeter wave with enough link budget, but the millimeter wave has another big problem- blocking. This problem is difficult to overcome.ccie lab dumps. The millimeter wave is not only easily blocked by the building, but also blocked by the human body itself, even when you holding the phone in your hand, your hand can block it.

•  Short coverage distance:

           The propagation distance of millimeter waves is really limited. The laws of physics tell us that the shorter the wavelength, the shorter the propagation distance, with the same transmit power.ccie. In many scenarios, this limit causes the millimeter wave to travel no more than 10 meters.According to the idealized free space propagation loss formula, the propagation loss L = 92.4 + 20 log (f) + 20 log (R), where f is the frequency in GHz, R is the distance in kilometers, and the unit of L is dB.After a 70 GHz millimeter wave propagates 10 meters away, the loss reaches 89.3 dB. Under non-ideal propagation conditions, the propagation loss is much larger.lab dumps


           These are some of the shortcomings of 5G millimeter waves. Of course, when 5G is commercialized, it should be able to think that these problems have been solved by some clever engineers.Everything has two sides, and the advantages of 5G millimeter waves are equally obvious. We should consider this issue from a dialectical perspective.-ielab

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